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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">smp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Скорая медицинская помощь</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-6716</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Northwest State Medical University named after II Mechnikov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/2072-6716-2024-25-1-33-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">smp-742</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ В ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИЯХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SAFETY IN EMERGENCIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Результаты ультразвукового обследования пациентов с внутренними кровотечениями и множественной травмой  на догоспитальном  этапе:  обзор  литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Results of ultrasonic  examination  of  patients  with internal  bleeding  and multiple  injury  at  the  prehospital stage: a literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8643-1829</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щикота</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schikota</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щикота Алексей Михайлович  —   кандидат   медицинских   наук,   доцент,   старший  научный сотрудник  научного  отдела  ГБУЗ   особого   типа</p><p>129090,  Москва,  Б. Сухаревская пл.,  д.  5/1,  стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey M. Schikota</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexmschikota@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8643-1829</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуменюк</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gumenyuk</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гуменюк  Сергей  Андреевич   —    доктор медицинских   наук,   доцент,   директор  ГБУЗ особого  типа, доцент  кафедры  скорой медицинской   помощи,  неотложной   и экстремальной  медицины  ФГБУ   ДПО  «Центральная  государственная  медицинская  академия»</p><p>129090,  Москва,  Б. Сухаревская пл.,  д.  5/1,  стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Gumenyuk</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cemp75@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0032-5828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярема</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarema</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярема Владимир Иванович  —    доктор медицинских наук,   профессор,  ведущий  научный  сотрудник   научного  отдела  ГБУЗ  особого   типа</p><p>129090,  Москва,  Б. Сухаревская пл.,  д.  5/1,  стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I.  Yarema</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iaremavlad@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-0400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федин</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedin</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федин  Алексей  Борисович   —    кандидат медицинских  наук,   ведущий  научный  сотрудник научного  отдела   ГБУЗ   собого  типа</p><p>129090,  Москва,  Б. Сухаревская пл.,  д.  5/1,  стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey B. Fedin</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5865-9195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зейниева</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zeinieva</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зейниева  Софья  Михайловна  —    старший  лаборант   научного   отдела  ГБУЗ   особого   типа </p><p>129090,  Москва,  Б. Сухаревская пл.,  д.  5/1,  стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofya  M. Zeinieva</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sonyazey@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский территориальный научно-практический центр медицины катастроф Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Territorial Scientific and Practical Center for Disaster Medicine of the Moscow City Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щикота А.М., Гуменюк С.А., Ярема В.И., Федин А.Б., Зейниева С.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щикота А.М., Гуменюк С.А., Ярема В.И., Федин А.Б., Зейниева С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Schikota A.M., Gumenyuk S.A., Yarema V.I., Fedin A.B., Zeinieva S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://smp.spb.ru/jour/article/view/742">https://smp.spb.ru/jour/article/view/742</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель:  обзор  и   систематизация публикаций  в   научной  медицинской  литературе,  посвященных ультразвуковому обследованию пациентов с  травмой на догоспитальном этапе. Материалы и  методы исследования. Проведен поиск в   научных базах данных SCOPUS, Cochrane, PubMed, РИНЦ по ключевым словам: политравма, кровотечение, эвакуация пострадавших, ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ). Проанализировано 46   литературных источников   —   2   отечественных и   44  зарубежных,  в  том числе  данные  мета ‑ анализов  и  систематических  обзоров;  23  изученных  статьи  были опубликованы  за  последние  5  лет. Результаты:  по  данным  ряда  научных  исследований,  ультразвуковое исследование может быть успешно использовано у  пациентов с   политравмой  на догоспитальном  этапе,  в   том числе  во  время  санитарно‑ авиационной  эвакуации  на  борту  вертолета. Ультразвуковое обследование по протоколу FAST сокращает время до оперативного вмешательства на 64–76%, уменьшает потребность в   лучевой нагрузке, частоту осложнений после травмы и   продолжительность нахождения пациента в  стационаре. По данным ряда авторов, чувствительность, специфичность,  положительная  и  отрицательная  прогностическая  ценность  метода  при  выявлении  внутриабдоминальных  повреждений  и  кровотечений составляют  28–76%,  83–97%,  87–96% и   37–94% соответственно,  что  делает  его  важным  инструментом  для  обследования  ургентного пациента,  особенно  с   нестабильной  гемодинамикой,  влияющим  на  тактику  лечения.  Для  педиатрического контингента при диагностике гемоперитонеума, по данным мета ‑ анализа, специфичность УЗИ оставляет 95%, чувствительность   —   66%.  Метод может быть успешно применен в  работе авиамедицинских бригад на борту санитарного вертолета: по данным систематического обзора и   мета-анализа, общая чувствительность УЗИ при диагностике пневмоторакса во время санитарно‑авиационной  эвакуации составляет 61%, специфичность  —   99%.  Заключение: учитывая проанализированные данные крупных рандомизированных исследований, мета‑анализов и  систематических обзоров, использование УЗИ позволяет принять правильные решения в   отношении  тактики лечения ургентного пациента, его транспортировки и   выбора  стационара, уменьшает количество обследований, сокращает время до попадания пациента в  операционную и   длительность  пребывания в   стационаре, положительно влияет на исход заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Purpose: review and systematisation of publications in scientific medical literature devoted to ultrasound examination of trauma patients at the prehospital stage.  Materials and methods: a   search in scientific databases SCOPUS, Cochrane, PubMed, Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) by key words: polytrauma, haemorrhage, evacuation of victims, ultrasound examination (US) was carried out. We analysed 46  literature sources  —    2   domestic and 44  foreign,  including data of meta ‑ analyses and systematic reviews; 23   studied articles were published in the last 5  years.  Results:  according to a   number  of scientific studies, ultrasound examination can be successfully used in patients with polytrauma at the prehospital stage, including during air ambulance evacuation on board a   helicopter. Ultrasound examination according to the FAST protocol reduces the time to surgical intervention by 64–76%, reduces the need for radiation exposure, the incidence of complications after injury and the duration of the patient’s hospital stay. According to some authors, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the method in detecting intra–abdominal injuries and haemorrhage are 28–76%, 83–97%, 87–96% and 37–94%, respectively, which makes it an important tool for examination of an urgent patient, especially with unstable haemodynamics, influencing the treatment tactics. For the paediatric population in the diagnosis of haemoperitoneum, according to a   meta‑analysis, the specificity of US leaves 95%, sensitivity   —  66%.  The method can be successfully applied in the work of aeromedical teams on board an air ambulance helicopter: according to a   systematic  review and meta‑analysis, the overall sensitivity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of pneumothorax during air ambulance evacuation is 61%, specificity  —  99%.  Conclusion: considering the analysed data from large randomised trials, meta‑analyses and systematic reviews, the use of ultrasound allows to make the right decisions regarding the tactics of treatment of the urgent patient, its transportation and choice of hospital, reduces the number of examinations, shortens the time to get the patient to the operating room and the duration of hospital stay, positively affects the outcome of the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>политравма</kwd><kwd>  кровотечение</kwd><kwd>  эвакуация пострадавших</kwd><kwd>  ультразвуковое исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polytrauma</kwd><kwd> bleeding</kwd><kwd> evacuation of victims</kwd><kwd> ultrasonography</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Всемирная организация здравоохранения. 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