Рoisoning with barbituric acid derivatives

Barbiturates are a group of drugs that have a depressant effect on the central nervous system. The toxic effect is determined by the dose taken and is manifested by disturbances of consciousness in the form of depression of the central nervous system from a mild degree of stunning to atonic coma. The purpose of the study: statistical toxicological analysis, diagnostic features and provision of emergency medical care outside a medical organization and at the stage of specialized medical care, hospitalized with acute poisoning with barbituric acid derivatives in the center for the treatment of acute poisoning of a multidisciplinary hospital. Materials and methods of research. The medical records of 1005 patients admitted to the Acute Poisoning Center of the State Budgetary Institution of St. Petersburg Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after I. I. Dzhanelidze in 2021–2023 with the diagnosis: «Acute barbiturate poisoning» were analyzed. ICD-10 rubric: T42.3: A statistical and chemical-toxicological study was conducted upon admission of patients to the hospital and dynamically after intensive care. The results of the study. According to the Acute Poisoning Center of the State Budgetary Institution of St. Petersburg Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after I. I. Dzhanelidze, the number of patients with acute poisoning with barbituric acid derivatives was: 372  admitted (of  which 14 patients died) in 2021; 282 patients with acute poisoning (2 died) in 2022; in 2023, out of 351 admitted with acute poisoning of this pathology, two died. All admitted patients were in critical condition with severe disorders of vital organs. Conclusion: acute poisoning with barbituric acid derivatives occupies one of the leading places among acute poisonings of chemical etiology both in frequency and in the number of adverse outcomes. Characterized by severe medical, social and economic consequences. Timely, full and high-quality medical care at the stage of emergency medical care outside a medical organization to patients with poisoning with barbituric acid derivatives has a significant impact on the course and prognosis of the disease. Scientific and practical significance lies in the generalization of modern ideas about the mechanism of toxic action of acute poisoning with barbituric acid derivatives, principles of diagnosis and intensive care. The materials can be used in clinical guidelines.

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