Acute poisoning with carbon monoxide and combustion products

According to the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, in 2021, the proportion of victims exposed to carbon monoxide intoxication amounted to 3.2% of the total number of poisonings (about 3.5 thousand people), and in terms of the number of deaths from acute poisoning, carbon monoxide intoxication is in second place and amounts to about 20%.
The purpose of the study: statistical toxicological analysis, consideration of the mechanism of toxic action, features of diagnosis and treatment of patients hospitalized with acute poisoning with carbon monoxide and combustion products in the toxicology center of the hospital.
Materials and methods of research. The medical records of 483 patients admitted to the Acute Poisoning Center of the State Budgetary Institution «St. Petersburg Research Institute of Emergency Care named after I. I. Dzhanelidze» in 2022–2024 with the diagnosis: «Acute poisoning with carbon monoxide and combustion products» were analyzed. The mechanism of toxic action was studied, statistical, laboratory and instrumental studies were carried out upon admission of patients to a multidisciplinary hospital and in dynamics after intensive care.
Research results. According to the reports of the toxicology center of the State Budgetary Institution «St. Petersburg Research Institute of Emergency Care named after I. I. Dzhanelidze», the number of patients with acute poisoning with carbon monoxide and combustion products was: 2022–129 admitted (of which 10 patients died); 2023–141 patients (6 deaths); 2024 — out of 213 admitted with acute poisoning with carbon monoxide and combustion products, 8 patients died. All patients with acute poisoning were in serious condition with disorders of vital organs.
Conclusion. Acute poisoning with carbon monoxide and combustion products occupies one of the leading places among acute poisonings of chemical etiology in terms of the number of adverse outcomes. Timely, full and high-quality provision of medical care at the stage of emergency medical care outside a medical organization has a significant impact on the course and prognosis of the disease. Scientific and practical significance lies in the generalization of modern concepts of the pathogenesis of poisoning with carbon monoxide and combustion products, principles of diagnosis and treatment. The materials can be used in clinical guidelines.

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